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What is SABSI?
Staphylococcus aureus (also known as golden staph or S. aureus) is a usually harmless bacteria commonly found inside the nose and on the skin. However, if the bacteria enters the bloodstream a Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SABSI) can occur.
Contracting SABSI can be life-threatening and hospitals aim to minimise cases by implementing infection prevention and control policies, including good hygiene practices. Surveillance and reporting of healthcare-associated SABSI rates in hospitals helps to improve patient safety.
Types of SABSI
The two types of SABSI reported on are:
- methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) – which can be treated with commonly used antibiotics, and
- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which resists treatment by many types of antibiotics, and is associated with poorer patient outcomes.
Data on healthcare associated infections associated with hospital care are presented in the following data visualisation and summarised in the sections below. The data presented are for the latest year for which national data are available, and over time.
Healthcare-associated infections
All data in these visualisations are available for download in the Data & downloads section of the MyHospitals website.
This data visualisation contains 4 tabs:
1. Column graph showing number and rate of SABSI in public hospitals for 2020–21
2. Line graph showing number and rate of SABSI in public hospitals over time from 2010–11 to 2020–21.
3. Table showing SABSI number and rates by hospital between 2010–11 and 2020–21. Data is able to be filtered by type of SABSI, public/private sector, hospital peer group.
4. Data notes.
Nationally, in 2021–22:
- there were 1,546 cases of SABSI in public hospitals during 21.1 million patient days of care – an average of 30 cases per week. This is equivalent to a rate of 0.73 cases per 10,000 public hospital patient days.
- 15% of SABSI cases were resistant to antimicrobial treatment (MRSA) and 85% were MSSA cases.
Of the 700 public hospitals in Australia that contributed data, 197 (33%) hospitals reported at least one SABSI case.
Rates varied by the type of hospital (peer group) – from 0.47 per 10,000 patient days in Small hospitals to 0.92 in Major hospitals which, along with Children's hospitals (0.82), are more likely to deliver services with a higher risk of SABSI.
Seven states and territories met the national benchmark
All states and territories achieved rates below the current nationally-agreed performance benchmark of 1.0 case per 10,000 patient days, except the Australian Capital Territory. Rates ranged from 0.62 in Western Australia to 1.08 in the Australian Capital Territory.
Trends over time
Overall, SABSI rates have decreased at the national level from 1.09 cases per 10,000 patient days in 2010–11 to 0.73 in 2021–22. Rates by state/territory fluctuate from year to year.
On 1 July 2020, the agreed national benchmark changed from no more than 2.0 cases of healthcare-associated SABSI per 10,000 days of patient care to no more than 1.0 case.
Since 2010–11, rates of healthcare-associated MRSA have also declined – from 0.29 cases per 10,000 patient days to 0.11 cases. These cases accounted for 27% of all SABSI cases in 2010–11 compared with 15% of all cases in 2021–22.
In 2021–22, 149 private hospitals (23%) voluntarily submitted SABSI data to the data collection. The rate of private hospital participation in the NSABDC was calculated using the 643 private hospital listed in the Australian Government Department of Health’s list of Commonwealth Declared Hospitals as 31 October 2021. Due to the participation rate, data may not be representative of the private hospital sector as a whole. Also, data provided by public and private hospitals should not be compared, as the procedures, types of cases and patients treated, and therefore the risk of healthcare-associated SABSI in each sector, differ.
In 2021–22:
- there were 189 cases of SABSI in private hospitals during 5.6 million private hospital patient days. This is equivalent to a rate of 0.34 cases per 10,000 private hospital patient days.
- 7.9% of SABSI cases were resistant to antimicrobial treatment (MRSA) and 92% were MSSA cases.
The interactive table in the data visualisation above presents data on SABSI healthcare-associated infections by hospital between 2010–11 and 2021–22 – see 'Hospitals' tab. It includes both public and private hospitals.
See the Hospital Safety and Quality theme page for more data downloads for healthcare-associated infections in public and private hospitals.
Data are from the AIHW National Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia Data Collection (NSABDC). NSABDC data are supplied by all states and territories for public hospitals and participating private hospitals.
The SABSI rate is calculated as the number of healthcare-associated cases (patient-episodes) of Staphylococcus aureus divided by the total number of patient days under surveillance (x 10,000).
For more information about data quality and methods see:
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) – Antimicrobial resistance
Australian Government Department of Health – Antimicrobial resistance
Health Direct – Staph infections
Previous releases
AIHW – Bloodstream infections associated with hospital care 2019–20
Definitions of the terms used in this section are available in the Glossary.
Admitted patient access
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A specialised service unit is a facility or unit dedicated to the treatment or care of patients with specific conditions or characteristics, such as an intensive care unit.
In 2021–22, the most common specialised service unit in public hospitals were:
- Domiciliary care units (present in 334 public hospitals)
- Nursing home care units (present in 281 public hospitals)
- Obstetric/maternity services units (present in 216 public hospitals).
There were 87 Intensive care units (level III and above), and 31 Neonatal intensive care units (level III and above).
Explore the data
The data visualisation below provides a list of selected services provided by individual hospitals, including specialised care units, in 2021–22.
The information about services provided by a hospital is intended as a general guide only. There is the potential for some omissions or errors in this information and readers should contact a hospital directly for the latest advice on the services available.
A list of the types of specialised units is available in the ‘More information about the data’ section below.
Specialised services and clinics
All data in these visualisations are available for download in the Data & downloads section of the MyHospitals website.
Hospitals and LHNs
This figure shows the number of specialised service units in 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019–20. Data is presented by unit category. Hospital data is available.
More information about these data can be found in Hospital resources 2021–22 data tables. (439kB XLSX)
Definitions of the terms used in this section are available in the Glossary.
Specialised service units
Types of specialised service unit include:
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients.
- Acute renal dialysis unit - A specialised facility dedicated to dialysis of renal failure patients requiring acute care.
- Acute spinal cord injury unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the initial treatment and subsequent ongoing management and rehabilitation of patients with acute spinal cord injury, largely conforming to Australian Health Minister’s Advisory Council guidelines for service provision.
- Alcohol and drug unit - A facility/service dedicated to the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence.
- Bone marrow transplantation unit - A specialised facility for bone marrow transplantation.
- Burns unit (level III) - A specialised facility dedicated to the initial treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of the severely injured burns patient (usually >10 per cent of the patient’s body surface affected).
- Cardiac surgery unit - A specialised facility dedicated to operative and peri-operative care of patients with cardiac disease.
- Clinical genetics unit - A specialised facility dedicated to diagnostic and counselling services for clients who are affected by, at risk of, or anxious about genetic disorders.
- Clinical pharmacology and/or toxicology service - A facility/service dedicated to providing clinical pharmacology and/or toxicology service.
- Comprehensive epilepsy centre - A specialised facility dedicated to seizure characterisation, evaluation of therapeutic regimes, pre-surgical evaluation, and epilepsy surgery for patients with refractory epilepsy.
- Coronary care unit - A specialised facility dedicated to acute care services for patients with cardiac diseases.
- Diabetes unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the treatment of diabetics.
- Domiciliary care service - A facility/service dedicated to the provision of nursing or other professional paramedical care or treatment and non-qualified domestic assistance to patients in their own homes or in residential institutions not part of the establishment.
- Geriatric assessment unit - Facilities dedicated to the Commonwealth-approved assessment of the level of dependency of (usually) aged individuals either for purposes of initial admission to a long-stay institution or for purposes of reassessment of dependency levels of existing long-stay institution residents.
- Heart, lung transplantation unit - A specialised facility for heart including heart lung transplantation.
- Hospice care unit - A facility dedicated to the provision of palliative care to terminally ill patients.
- In-vitro fertilisation unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the investigation of infertility provision of in-vitro fertilisation services.
- Infectious diseases unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the treatment of infectious diseases.
- Intensive care unit (level III) - A specialised facility dedicated to the care of paediatric and adult patients requiring intensive care and sophisticated technological support services.
- Liver transplantation unit - A specialised facility for liver transplantation.
- Maintenance renal dialysis centre - A specialised facility dedicated to maintenance dialysis of renal failure patients. It may be a separate facility (possibly located on hospital grounds) or known as a satellite centre or a hospital-based facility but is not a facility solely providing training services.
- Major plastic/reconstructive surgery unit - A specialised facility dedicated to general purpose plastic and specialised reconstructive surgery, including maxillofacial, microsurgery and hand surgery.
- Neonatal intensive care unit (level III) - A specialised facility dedicated to the care of neonates requiring care and sophisticated technological support. Patients usually require intensive cardiorespiratory monitoring, sustained assistance ventilation, long-term oxygen administration and parenteral nutrition.
- Neurosurgical unit - A specialised facility dedicated to the surgical treatment of neurological conditions.
- Nursing home care unit - A facility dedicated to the provision of nursing home care.
- Obstetric/maternity - A specialised facility dedicated to the care of obstetric/maternity patients.
- Oncology unit, cancer treatment - A specialised facility dedicated to multidisciplinary investigation, management, rehabilitation and support services for cancer patients. Treatment services include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
- Pancreas transplantation unit - A specialised facility for pancreas transplantation.
- Psychiatric unit/ward - A specialised unit/ward dedicated to the treatment and care of admitted patients with psychiatric, mental, or behavioural disorders.
- Rehabilitation unit - Dedicated units within recognised hospitals which provide post-acute rehabilitation and are designed as such by the State health authorities.
- Renal transplantation unit - A specialised facility for renal transplantation.
- Sleep centre - A specialised facility linked to a sleep laboratory dedicated to the investigation and management of sleep disorders.
- Specialist paediatric - A specialised facility dedicated to the care of children aged 14 or less is provided within an establishment.