Cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in Australia, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples carrying the greatest burden of illness and death from this disease. Up-to-date estimates on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors are important for monitoring their impact on the health of Indigenous Australians. This report presents national-level information for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors, as well as on cardiovascular deaths. Results are based mostly on analysis of the Australian Bureau of Statistics' most recent National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey and National Health Survey conducted in 2004-05.