This report provides an overview of current patterns and trends in mortality and life expectancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Circulatory diseases were the leading cause of death of Indigenous Australians for the period 2008–2012 (representing 26% of Indigenous deaths), followed by cancer (20%) and injury (15%). There have been significant declines in overall Indigenous mortality rates as well as mortality rates from circulatory diseases and respiratory diseases between 2001 and 2012. However, there has been little improvement in Indigenous mortality from other causes such as cancer and injury over this period.