This report outlines the main drivers impacting on the COAG target to halve the gap in child mortality within a decade. These include low birthweight, maternal health and behaviours (smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy) and inadequate or infrequent antenatal care. The report examines interventions that have been shown to be effective in reducing Indigenous child mortality; the time lags between program implementation and expected reductions in child mortality and its risk factors; and data availability to measure outcomes achieved.