Though school readiness is a key factor in closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, there are also other factors to consider when helping young children. This resource sheet reviews the evidence on early childhood and education services for Indigenous young children. It outlines what works, what doesn't, and what further research is needed. Topics include: the evidence on whether early childhood programs address disadvantage; the characteristics of successful early childhood programs; home visiting programs; integrated early childhood service delivery; the features of successful interventions; applicability to early childhood Indigenous programs; culturally specific services; and facilitators and barriers.