This is the second national summary report on the refined set of 56 health performance indicators for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The indicators are designed to provide an assessment of whether the health of Indigenous people is improving and to highlight problem areas that Australia's health system should address as high priorities. This report, like many previous reports, draws attention to the relatively poor quality of the data on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This means that comprehensive comparisons between states and territories are not yet possible.